Essay on Offender Classification and Therapy - 1514 Words

Over the last few decades classification systems for offenders have been used for a variety of organizational purposes. Over time these classification systems have evolved, not only as a whole in the criminal justice system, but also varying between different organizations. Classification systems that create models based on the risks and needs of offenders are most popular. Throughout the years these models and the purposes for their use have been in a state of change, as well as the way their effectiveness is gaged. One of the most commonly used classification systems for offenders is the combination of risk assessment and need assessment. The combination of these two systems of classification is rather new. The earliest types of†¦show more content†¦The second generation was characterized by the custody classification risks and parolees being classified on their risk of reoffending based on their custody classification. These early models were administered routinely but scores rarely changed because the information in the assessment was static and did not change over time (Van Voorhis, et al., 2009). Such information as the severity of prior convictions, and prior felonies did not change between assessments and led to an overly simple classification system that did not offer any options for treatment or change within offender behavior. Additionally, it was proven that the earliest risk assessment models were not accurate in dealing with female offenders because the history of women off enders is not as indicative of future behavior as it is with male offenders (Van Voorhis et al., 2008). While the original risk assessment models were helpful in achieving a basic glance at offender behavior risks, it lacked the quality assessment tools needed to not only determine whether an offender was going to be a danger while institutionalized or the community once paroled, but to fully offer options for rehabilitation. More recently, the combination of risk/needs assessments have changed the course of classification models. No longer are risks assessments conducted solely for the institutionalized but also are used to foresee new transgressions with needs that are similarly elements of offenderShow MoreRelatedResponse Paper On Sexual Offenders1653 Words   |  7 PagesSexual offenders refer to sexual acts against a victim’s will and includes a wide range of behaviors ranging from exposing oneself in a public place to rape. Probation and parole officers have the difficult task of working with sexual offenders and trying to help them during their rehabilitation process. From researching different sources, I have concluded that risk assessment, treatment, supervision, and restrictions/registration have effectively helped by working with sexual offenders in the communityRead More Investigative Psychology Essay1378 Words   |  6 Pagescause of death. Forensic hypnosis is an interview or inte rrogation method used by trained and credentialed professionals. Lastly, geographic mapping is a method of research â€Å"concerned with analyzing spatial patterns of crimes committed by numerous offenders over a period of time (Bartol Bartol, 2008).† Geographic profiling is the analysis of a single serial offender’s geographic movement. Due to the complexities of investigative psychology these methods have been scrutinized. In order for theseRead MorePrison Corrections, Treatment Programs, Rehabilitation, And The Prevention Of Recidivism861 Words   |  4 Pagesprograms, rehabilitation, and the prevention of recidivism is a process that can only be measured in small percentage points†¦sometimes gaining, sometimes losing, and on an individual level, in the trenches, between the agents of the system and the offenders, a sometimes lumbering, attempt and daily challenge to hold ground. The nature of crime and punishment (rehabilitation and prevention) is fragile and tenuous by nature, with no grand sweeping touchdowns or grand slams. With the nation’s correctionalRead MorePrison and Rehabilitation1051 Words   |  5 PagesIntentions of rehabilitation Rehabilitation is specific programs applied within a prison setting intended to bring about the end of criminal behavior called desistance, meaning to cease or stop. It is supposed to be a simple formula: prisoner classification X appropriate programming X positive participation = probability of desistance. Get the inmate into the right program, keep him in there long enough to complete successfully, and put the inmate into the community to test their non-criminal behaviorRead MorePrison Treatment1471 Words   |  6 PagesOffenders and the Need for Treatment A hard line stance by law enforcement to treat addiction with a criminal justice approach rather than with a public health approach has resulted in over-crowded prisons and offenders in need of treatment. The rise of the prison population began with enactment of the federal Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 and The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 (Olson Lurigio, 2014). Highlighting the escalating prison population, Olson and Lurigio (2014) noted from 1990-2000 the stateRead MoreInmates with special needs1204 Words   |  5 PagesCJA/234 November 25, 2013 Richard Gilbert Inmates with Special Needs Inmate with special needs, mental illnesses, substance-abuse issues, juvenile offenders, and older inmates are all considered special offenders upon entering the correctional facility and classification process. These inmates are classified as special offenders, which refers to inmates with behavioral issues that will need close supervision, specific treatment plans, and sometimes treatment outside the correctional facilityRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is The Highest Rate For Juvenile Crime1733 Words   |  7 Pagesoffer are all different. So why does the U.S have the highest rate for juvenile crime? The United States has the highest rate for juvenile crime yet, like several other countries the U.S juvenile courts seeks to rehabilitate and discourage youthful offenders from criminal activity by having a variety of programs to help and using imprisonment as a last resort. Although children of any age can be charged in juvenile court, children under the age of fourteen cannot be charged with a crime unless the prosecutorRead More Female Sex Offenders: Perception is Not Reality1640 Words   |  7 Pagesfemale sex offenders differently than male sex offenders, the punishments of female sex offenders are more lenient than men who commit the same types of crimes, and the differences between male and female victims are all perception and not reality. Objective considerations to additional factors make the perceptions baseless. These additional factors solidify the factual differences between male and female sex offenders. The acceptance that the court system often treats female offenders differentlyRead MoreEssay about Therapy, Not Punishment843 Words   |  4 PagesTherapy, Not Punishment Problems with crime have always been a concern to society. There are many different ideas about what causes it and even more ideas about how to stop it. Dr. Karl Menninger believes that our current prison system is not adequately addressing the motivation behind crime. In his article Therapy, Not Punishment, Menninger says of the old prison system, In its place should go a quiet, dignified, therapeutic programÉ (544). He sets forth the claim of policy that criminalsRead MorePrisons : Prisons And Prisons1332 Words   |  6 Pagesthe general public often misinterprets the difference between jails and prisons. For long confinement terms, jails are not used to hold sentenced offenders. However, jails are the oldest of the correctional components. According to Seiter (2011), jails were initiated prior to halfway houses, parole, probation, or prisons. Also, jails hold various offenders such as those being held administratively for a criminal justice agency, waiting to transfer to anot her facility, being detained a pending trial

James Monroe Essay examples - 2365 Words

James Monroe was born in the quiet town of Westmoreland County, Virginia on April 28, 1758. His father, Spencer Monroe, was married to Elizabeth Jones in 1752. Spencer Monroe was a circuit judge and a farmer for the town (Kane 40). Monroe was the oldest of five. There were four other children; Andrew, Joseph, and Elizabeth. His third brother had died in his early childhood. He attended grammar school at a small academy for boys. This school had a reputation for serving the best of men, like George Washington and John Marshall (Kane 40), which is unique because he later followed George Washington as president. George Washington was a family friend of the Monroe’s. He admired Washington and was influenced by him at a young age. At age 16†¦show more content†¦He wanted to buy land in Kentucky and open a law office in Richmond with the money he was saving. His first aspiration was not practicing law, but going to Europe and traveling the different countries. Monroe was un sure of himself and needed advice. He turned to Jefferson, but Jefferson had other plans for Monroe. He wanted Monroe to run for Virginia State Legislature. Monroe accepted and was elected into the House of Delegates in April 1782 (Stefoff 23). After much preparation, Monroe became a member of the Congress of Confederation. This event influenced him greatly. During 1786 Monroe found time to marry the love of his life. Her name was Elizabeth Kortright Monroe. Elizabeth was 17 and James was 27 years old when they were married. They had two daughters and one son (Kane 40). After the marriage and the children, Monroe quickly got back to his political views and doings. He was bored of his law practice and wanted a challenge. James served on the 170 member Virginia Ratifying Convention that decided the fate of the Constitution (Stefoff 35). In the fall of 1788, Monroe ran for Congress, but his friend and foe, James Madison, defeated him. Monroe did not give up, although he was disappointe d about the loss, he later ran for U.S. Senate against an old friend John Marshall in 1790 and came home with a victory (Stefoff 37). Monroe was divided by politics. Now there were two political parties, the FederalistShow MoreRelatedThe Life Of President James Monroe1323 Words   |  6 PagesPresident James Monroe Research Paper In this essay I will be discussing the life of President James Monroe. We will talk about his life at home, where he grew up, what he did in the Revolutionary War, and his time as president of the United States of America. First we will talk about James parents. James parents were pretty good parents and kind people. His parents names were Spence and Elizabeth Monroe (biography.com). James was their first child. Spence family emigrated from Scotland in the midRead MoreJames Monroe And The American Revolution1686 Words   |  7 PagesJames Monroe, born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, to Spence Monroe and his wife Elizabeth Jones Monroe, was a very prominent man in history. James Monroe was also a very ambitious man who would, at most times, be a potential rival to many of his close companions in the presidential elections. He was the seventh Secretary of State, served as a member of the Congress of the Confederation, served as a U.S. Senator, served as the governor of Virginia, and was the fifth U.S. president. Monroe alsoRead MoreJames Monroe And The American Revolutionary War1196 Words   |  5 Pages James Monroe was one of the most qualified men to assume the presidential office. James Monroe took office from 1817 to 1825.   As the fifth president of the United States, Monroe helped the country transition away from European affairs and focus more on domestic issues. James Monroe was homeschooled by his mother then attended Campbell Town Academy. Monroe attended College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia in the year of 1774. However, James Monroe never finished two years late in orderRead MoreJames Monroe: The Fifth President of the United States Essay564 Words   |  3 PagesJames Monroe wasn’t born to live an ordinary life, but an extraordinary one. He was born April 28, 1758, in his parents house in a forest area of Westmoreland County, Virginia. His father Spence Monroe (1727-1774) worked as a planter and carpenter. James’s mother Elizabeth Jones (1730-1774) married his father in 1752 and they both had several children together. James grew up with his siblings by the same teachings of his mother. His parents died when he was a teenager. When he became of age, heRead MoreImportance of Nationalism and Sectionalism During James Monroe Presidency874 Words   |  3 PagesThe â€Å"Era of Good Feelings† was a traditional name given to the years of James Monroe’s presidency, following the end of the War of 1812. Events such as the Louisiana Purchase, which nearly doubled the size of American land and proved the Federalist party didn’t have much as they opposed the purchase, and fighting against the Barbary Pirates which gained the American navy respect made people in America proud to be there and led up to the â€Å"good feelings.† The time was mostly characterized by an increaseRead MoreSocial Studies : James Monroe1396 Words   |  6 PagesStudies James Monroe On April 28, 1758, James Monroe was born in a town of Westmoreland County, Virginia. His parents Spence Monroe a farmer and carpenter and his mother Elizabeth Jones Monroe had seven children. Monroe was the oldest of all his siblings and was home schooled. His mother was his teacher until 1769, at the age of eleven, Monroe attended his first school, Campbeltown Academy. James had thought that he would inherit his father s farm, but in the year of 1774 Spence Monroe died. ThatRead MoreThe Rise Of Democracy By James Monroe921 Words   |  4 Pagessuperior and the foreign races were becoming excluded. In the analysis of the three designated sources, I found that the rise of democracy caused many racial, gender, and land disputes, but it also contributed to the shape of the government today. James Monroe was President shortly after the war of 1812 and had the honor of embarking in the â€Å"Era of Good Feelings†. During his term, slavery disputes in the South brought about multiple different issues. The South was pro-slavery and the North was anti-slaveryRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The United States953 Words   |  4 PagesThis document doesn’t really have an exotic name to it. It was the name of the creator. The document that is being talked about is the Monroe Doctrine. The first name of this document happens to be from (at the time) President James Monroe. He is a man that was known for being very honest, and served two terms as president. For his famous document though, it was brought up in the Seventh annual meeting for congress. The main premise of the document was for a warning to European powers to not interfereRead MoreHammering Out A Federal Republic939 Words   |  4 PagesHammering Out a Federal Republic The Monroe Doctrine and Washington’s Farewell Address, though circulated years apart, both were important playing pieces in the pronouncement of independence from the European colonies. The Monroe Doctrine was a significant document explaining how the United States would view any endeavor at European colonial expansion. Washington’s Farewell Address was a document President George Washington used to give advice on what was essential to keep the great independentRead MoreThe Era Of Good Feeling1387 Words   |  6 PagesEdgard Areas Prof. Kenyon Callahan Political Science 1 (Section 91060) October 20, 2016 James Monroe The Era of Good Feeling, described in the Miller Center website, is a period that was â€Å"marked by economic prosperity, the disintegration of the Federalist Party, and feelings of triumph after the victory in the War of 1812.† It is also connected to President James Monroe’s time in office from 1817 to 1825. The road to becoming president was a particularly easy one for him. The dominance of the Democratic-Republican

Research Paper on Work Life Balance free essay sample

Through this research, an attempt is also been made to make out the different personal motives and its main concern among the different demographic groups which could help us in designing the Work-Life Balance policies for employees in Indian Hospitality Industries. The Human Resource Management function has to constantly plan and carry out such policies which enable their employees to balance their personal and professional life. Furthermore, the increasing number of Dual Income Single Kid couples and members from nuclear families in the Indian Hospitality Industry has made Work-Life Balance practices necessary. According to (Torrington 2008), the quick increase in number of women within the workforce who are willing to combine both family and work responsibilities together, thus it is for these employees within the diverse workforce for whom the work life balance programs play a crucial role in enhancement of any employee’s overall performance within the hospitality companies. Whatever is provided in the name of Work-Life Balance may not meet the requirements of the employees in the hospitality industry with different demographic backgrounds. Through this study, an attempt has been made to recognize different personal motive and its priority with respect to Work-Life Balance amongst employees belonging to different demographic profiles. This would guide to development and improvement of the overall presentation of the employees within the organization. LITERATURE REVIEW It has been seen that over the years the trends as well as the requirements of the hospitality sector are also changing at a fast speed. This change in the work place forces the hospitality industries to make an effort and know what measures they should adopted in order to understand the different personality of different people who are working together in the same organization for the same objective. (Hebs 2002) defined Work-Life Balance as â€Å"Working practices that acknowledge and aim to support the needs of staff in achieving a balance between their homes and working lives. † Another author (Sara 2008) stated that knowledge of the Work-Life Balance issues and options are consistently stretched amongst professionals. With shortage of professionals and economy, the pressures on the existing employees look set to rise and therefore this is an area which needs to be revisited with a view of adopting best practices throughout the sector. (Fiona 2007) explains that â€Å"flexible practices are good for Work-Life Balance and managers are better in terms of maintaining a good Work-Life Balance than workers, and that the development of an appropriate Work-Life Balance policy assists in ensuring company loyalty and positive attitudes to work. (Liz 2004) explored the main barriers to women’s development and highlights the long working hours associated to managerial roles as a major problem. According to (Doherty, 2001), â€Å"often work in the hospitality industry is a way of life, with people working at all times of the day and night. Whilst this is a challenge for work-life balance, it also offers opportunities for all kinds of creative work patterns. With just a little will and imagination thes e can be designed to meet the needs of employees as well as of the business. Doherty explains that long working hours under stressful conditions is the daily routine in Indian Hospitality Industry. However this situation has risen confront and stressed on the need for the progress of work life balance for the hospitality industry. Another author (Hudson 2005) argued that the want and reason for work life varies from person to person. A small of people want a balance between work and responsibilities of children, while others may want time for themselves so that they can relax themselves after doing a lot of hard work for so much long time. In the recent Indian scenario as experienced by hospitality employees, the ageing employee population also expressed a need for work-life balance, so as to maintain their financial needs and become independent. These employees belong to generation X who gives preference to the balance between work and family lives. (Patton, 2009). However the new generation or in other words generation Y considers and values job security, job commitment and job satisfaction as valuable variables of a job. Generation Y also expresses a sheer need for work life balance in order to deal with internal and external work pressures. It has also been noticed that the thinking patterns and behavioral approaches of generation Y are more complex and diverse as compared to the employees of generation X. Another author (Jeff and Juliette 2007), proposed that employees do influence work-life balance issues in the financial service sector and that work-life balance initiatives had greater approach and quality where independent unions were recognized. In all cases, however, the amount of departure from minimal constitutional levels of condition was not great. Jennifer and Susan 2010) in their study found that part-time managers of the sample chosen in the study held varied careers while working full-time, but careers stalled once a transition to part-time work was made. The majorities were career-focused, worked intensively and felt frustrated with their lack of mobility and career progression while working part-time. RESEARCH DESIGN â€Å"Research design is a general plan of how we will go answering the research-questi on. † It would contain clear objectives, derived from my research questions. (Saunders 2003). After reviewing the literature on hospitality and the challenges that the employees face when they balance their time between work and personal life. The hospitality service sector has to change itself and struggle to attract, develop, hold and organize the services of skilled employee and trained them so that they can balance work and life easily. (Roche Brannick 2007), found that the research process provides a organized and intended approach to a research project and ensures all aspects of the project are reliable with one another. (Smith et. al. 002) argues on research design saying that it is basically organizing of research activity and including the collection of data which helps in achieving the research aims. (Saunders 2003) understood this research proposal and used it in the ‘onions’ model which describes the various research strategies and the research approach that helps in achieving the aim of the research. Data Collection: (Saunders et al. , 2007) explain s that in order to answer the research questions the most vital step is data collection. He further explains data can be collected in two ways: Primary and secondary data collection. Primary data may be defined as: â€Å"The data gathered for research from the genuine site of incident of events is called primary data. † (Sekaran, U. , 2000), whereas Secondary Data may be defined as â€Å"The studies made by others for their own purposes represent secondary data. † (Schindler, P. A and Cooper, D. , 2003). To answer this research question secondary data and primary data will be used. Gathering primary data will help us know the factors that actually will help introducing work life balance in employees from both the manager and the employees’ perspective. Collecting secondary data which has been gathered with the purpose of literature review will help to have detailed information about the research topic. This will help to substantiate the primary research being carried out. (Saunders et al. , 2007) explain that different researchers have generated a variety of classifications for secondary data. Reliability: â€Å"Reliability is primarily a matter of stability: if an instrument is administered to the same individual on two different occasions the question is, will it yield the same result? † (Smith et. al. 002) For example, it can help to measure a mannerism then every time the test is administered to a subject matter, the results should be more or less the same. But it is impossible to calculate reliability accurately, but it can be anticipated in a number of diverse ways. The sources used for the research proposal are books and articles which are measured to be reliable sources. I might generate different results if the ques tionnaires are completed in varying span of time. So for getting the questionnaires filled by the employees a time will be chosen when the employees may not be busy with their work. These approaches will be used at the time of the scheming of the questionnaire. (Saunders et al. , 2007) Validity: â€Å"Validity is a question of how far we can be sure that a test or instrument measures the attribute that is supposed to measure. † (Smith et. al. 2002). Initially we would ask an expert or group of experts to comment on the representativeness and suitability of the questions. As well as allowing suggestions to be made on the structure of the questionnaire, this will help in developing content validity and allow us to make essential measures prior to pilot testing with a group as similar as possible to the final demographic sample.

The Cultural Revolution Of The 1920S Essays - Scopes Trial

The Cultural Revolution Of The 1920S The 1920's were times of cultural revolution. The times were changing in many different ways. Whenever the times change, there is a clash between the old and the new generations. The 1920's were no exception. In Dayton, Tennessee, 1925, a high school biology teacher was arrested. He was arrested because he taught the theory of evolution. The teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of having violated the Butler Act. This was a Tennessee law that forbade the teaching of the theory of evolution in public schools. The Tennessee legislature felt that teaching evolution was wrong because it contradicted the creation theory of the Bible. The Scopes trial received worldwide publicity. The press nicknamed it the Monkey Trial because, people believed that the theory of evolution meant that humans were descended from monkeys. Clarence Darrow was the defense lawyer. Former U.S. secretary of state William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor. The defense argued that the Butler Act was unconstitutional. They did not deny that Scopes had broken the law. He was convicted and fined $100. Darrow was quoted as saying, Scopes isn't on trial, civilization is on trial. The world was changing and scientific advances made it harder to fully accept the Bible's interpretation of creation. The older generation seemed set in their ways. It would seem that a science was on trial defending itself against traditional beliefs. The Red Scare was the result of wartime tensions. There was a growing fear of communism during the 1920's. The Red Scare became like a witch-hunt. Everyone was suspicious of each other. U. S. Attorney-General Palmer planned a round up of communists. January 2, 1920, he ordered department raids on meeting halls and homes in thirty cities nationwide to gather all suspected communists. Twenty seven hundred people were arrested without being charged with a specific crime. In all, more than 6,000 people were arrested. The raids ended after May 5th. This was due to a government ruling that mere membership in the party is not in itself a crime. Most people that were arrested were released, few of the people arrested were actually communists. The Red Scare continued when on April 1, five legitimately elected members of the New York State legislature were expelled for being members of the Socialist Party. World War I ended in 1920 with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. Russia and the United States were allies during the war. After the war, both became the world's new superpowers. As the tension between the two nations grew, so did the fear of Communism. The Ku Klux Klan was a racist organization founded in 1915 by William Simmons. The KKK's popularity peaked in the 1920's when its membership exceeded 4 million nationally, with strong organizations in the Midwest as well as in the South. The Klan began to persecute Roman Catholics, Jews, foreigners, Communists, and organized labor. Stressing white Protestant domination, the Klan enjoyed a spurt of growth in 1928 as a reaction to the Democrats' nomination for president of Alfred E. Smith, a Roman Catholic. The KKK was made up of many prejudice people that couldn't keep up with the changing times. They were comfortable with the old racist ways. They could not deal with the new, more liberal beliefs. Women of the 1920's were fighting in their own revolution. Women were fighting to break down the sex-based restrictions that were set before them. The old standards that were set were slowly being changed. Many women of the 1920's were going out and getting jobs. Over 10.6 million women were working at the end of the decade. Women like Margaret Sanger fought to educate women on the pros of using birth control. She saw many poor women that were burdened with many children. If they were educated about family planning, they could control the size of their families and keep the cost of living down. In 1921 she founded the American Birth Control League. Many people with traditional values were against birth control methods. They believed that it was against Gods will. This would cause another of the conflicts that arouse due to a changing society. With the Scopes Trial, Red Scare, the rise and fall of the KKK, and

How Structure Affects Sonnet 73 Essays

How Structure Affects Sonnet 73 Essays How Structure Affects Sonnet 73 Paper How Structure Affects Sonnet 73 Paper In William Shakespeares Sonnet 73 we are told of a story of everlasting love despite the frigid reality of life coming to an end. Shakespeare uses metaphors throughout the poem to refer back to the speaker gradually reaching the end of his life so we are instantly aware of the speakers thoughts. He not only uses metaphors to deeply convey his message to the audience but he uses the structure of the sonnet itself. There are multiple examples of the use of structure to convey Shakespeares message of continuous, eternal love: the recitation of one continuous stanza, enjambment, lack f full stops, repeating syllables, an alternate rhyme scheme, and lastly the use of emphasizing optimism through repetition and indentation. These are evident throughout the poem and continuously enhance its meaning. This sonnet takes the reader through an emotional and scarily realistic portrayal of a persons Journey through life. It tells a story of unconditional love and allows the reader a sense of contentment. It comforts them in the thought that this kind of love is attainable. By definition a sonnet is a fixed poetic form, consisting of 14 lines (Holman, Snyder 3). It s a form of poetry used by Shakespeare for love poetry. So instantly we gather that the poem will be a story of love. It is established early in the poem that the speaker is referring to his elderly age and how he is possibly at the end of his Journey that on the ashes of his youth doth lie (Shakespeare). Drawing a direct comparison to autumn when yellow leaves, or now, or few, do hang (Shakespeare) shows that like the autumn leaves his life is ending and everything is metaphorically speaking turning black like the twilight of such day (Shakespeare). It then refers to the peakers lover understanding their troubles and instead of allowing their love to die too, it grows stronger despite the speaker not being around for much longer this thou perceivest, which makes thy love more strong, To love that well which thou must leave ere long. (Shakespeare). Overall, Shakespeare uses metaphors that are relatable to the reader to allow us to fully grasp the speakers realisation of his elderly decline. The structure of the poem is crucial to its meaning, or in this case the potential lack of it. This sonnet consists of one continuous stanza that can be directly orrelated back to the idea of the speakers continuous love. Just because the speaker is dying it doesnt mean their love will die with him . Their love is real and will continue on after theyre gone. Another example of this is how Shakespeare uses enjambment throughout the sonnet. It flows from one line to the next almost seamlessly and is broken up by a full stop only four times throughout its entirety. The lack of full stops in the poem accentuates the continuous flow and again enhances the meaning of the poem. Another way the structure enhances the meaning of the poem is by repeating syllables. In all 14 lines of the poem there are 10 syllables in every one. It doesnt once vary. Throughout the poem there is no change, Just like the speakers love. This never changing love builds on the continuous idea that was established earlier. Even something as substantially life altering as death, means nothing for this couple and that is the most empowering message in this poem. A great deal of Sonnet 73 has a very cynical take on life Deaths second self, that seals up all in rest. (Shakespeare). But in the final two lines we see a light at the end isnt as demoralizing as the beginning of this poem makes out. Yes, death is a sad and scary prospect but it is something that we all come to accept. Love on the other hand is the power of the spirit. It allows you to feel a depth of happiness no other emotion can allow you to feel. So it only makes sense that Shakespeare elaborates on this emotion by using an alternate rhyme scheme. It creates an almost song like effect in the poem which in turn is associated with happiness and often tales of love. Shakespeare used two different ways to show there are only small bursts of optimistic happiness in this sonnet. The poem is broken up by a phrase that is epeated twice In me thou seest (Shakespeare). Both times this phrase leads onto the lover trying to show the speaker the good she still sees in him. The speaker then returns back to the cynical mood of the sonnet. Shakespeare then restores all of the readers faith in love by finishing the somber tale with two lines This thou perceivest, which makes thy love more strong, To love that well which thou must leave ere long (Shakespeare). These two lines are so important to the overall message of the story. They ensure the reader that there is a chance of everlasting love and that it is attainable. Because of its importance the two lines have been indented to draw attention away from the dismal story and emphasise the ending message. In this sonnet we read of a story that we all hope one day we ourselves will have the privilege of experiencing: an everlasting love. Shakespeare enhances his message of this love through the structure of this poem. The use of one stanza, enjambment, lack of full stops, repeating syllables, an alternate rhyme scheme and emphasizing optimism through repetition and indentation all reinforce the idea of continuous, never changing love and accentuate the emotions that can come with that.

Skateholm - Late Mesolithic Site in Sweden

Skateholm - Late Mesolithic Site in Sweden Skateholm consists of at least nine separate Late Mesolithic settlements, all located around what at the time was a brackish lagoon on the coast of the Scania region of southern Sweden, and occupied between ~6000-400 BC. In general, archaeologists have believed that the people who lived at Skateholm were hunter-fishers, who exploited the lagoons marine resources. However, the size and complexity of the associated cemetery area suggests to some that the cemetery was used for a broader purpose: as a set aside burial place for special individuals. The largest of the sites are Skateholm I and II. Skateholm I includes a handful of huts with central hearths, and a cemetery of 65 burials. Skateholm II is located about 150 m southeast of Skateholm I; its cemetery contains some 22 graves, and the occupation had a few huts with central hearths. Cemeteries at Skateholm Skateholms cemeteries are among the earliest known cemeteries in the world. Both humans and dogs are buried in the cemeteries. While most of the burials are placed lying on their back with their limbs extended, some of the bodies are buried sitting up, some lying down, some crouching, some cremations. Some burials contained grave goods: a young man was buried with several pairs of red deer antlers placed above his legs; a dog burial with an antler headdress and three flint blades was recovered at one of the sites. At Skateholm I, elderly men and young women received the largest quantity of grave goods. Osteological evidence of the graves suggests that it represents a normal working cemetery: the burials show a normal distribution of gender and age at the time of death. However, Fahlander (2008, 2010) has pointed out that the differences within the cemetery might represent phases of occupation of Skateholm, and changing methods of burial rituals, rather than a place for special individuals, however that is defined. Archaeological Study at Skateholm Skateholm was discovered in the 1950s, and intensive research conducted by Lars Larsson was begun in 1979. Several huts arranged in a village community and about 90 burials have been excavated to date, most recently by Lars Larsson of the University of Lund. Sources and Further Information This glossary entry is a part of the About.com Guide to the European Mesolithic, and part of the Dictionary of Archaeology. Bailey G. 2007. Archaeological Records: Postglacial Adaptations. In: Scott AE, editor. Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science. Oxford: Elsevier. p 145-152. Bailey, G. and Spikins, P. (eds) (2008) Mesolithic Europe. Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-17. Fahlander F. 2010. Messing with the dead: Post-depositional manipulations of burials and bodies in the South Scandinavian Stone Age.  Documenta Praehistorica 37:23-31. Fahlander F. 2008. A Piece of the Mesolithic Horizontal Stratigraphy and Bodily Manipulations at Skateholm. In: Fahlander F, and Oestigaard T, editors. The Materiality of Death: Bodies, Burials, Beliefs. London: British Archaeological Reports. p 29-45. Larsson, Lars. 1993. The Skateholm Project: Late Mesolithic Coastal Settlement in Southern Sweden. In Bogucki, PI, editor. Case Studies in European Prehistory. CRC Press, p 31-62 Peterkin GL. 2008. Europe, Northern and Western | Mesolithic Cultures. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology. New York: Academic Press. p 1249-1252.

Catalysis and catalysts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Catalysis and catalysts - Essay Example With this introduction, this essay will demonstrate how catalysts speed up reactions, explain how they work by using the enthalpy reaction profiles, and demonstrate the difference between the heterogeneous and homogenous catalysts and showing examples (Bruice, 2007). A reaction can be sped up by a catalyst since they offer an optional route for the reactions to happen. They lessen the necessary reaction energy for the reactants to create products, therefore, atoms; at any given time will have the necessary energy for activation in order for the products to form. This principle is based on the collision particle theory (Gates, 1992) Reactant molecules interaction with catalysts to provide other routes for the response that connects a lower activation as compared to that of the non-catalyzed reactions. Many of the molecules that interact have energies that are bigger as compared to the lower enthalpy activation. Many of the collisions therefore end in a successful reaction and the conversion rates of reactant to product are enhanced and this demonstrates how catalysts function through enthalpy profiles (McNaught and Wilkinson, 1997) The two main groups of catalysts are homogeneous and heterogeneous. The catalyst in a heterogeneous reaction is in a diverse state as compared to the reactant. Catalyst in a homogeneous reaction is in a similar state as the reactant(Bell, 1973). This is pointless, in practice, because ethane that is extremely useful is being converted to ethane that is relatively useless. The same reaction however will occur with any compound having a double bond of carbon-carbon. In the vegetable oils hydrogenation one of the vital industrial applications is in its use in making margarine that also entails carbon-carbon double bond reaction in the vegetable oil with a nickel catalyst having a hydrogen presence. Hydrogen is created as before a link with the carbon, and that eventually also ends up breaking free. On the nickel’s surface

There is no place for judgement in accounting it's simply mathematics Essay

There is no place for judgement in accounting it's simply mathematics and a precise subject. Explore the above statement - Essay Example The existing conceptual framework has proven to be extremely helpful to the IASB while trying to improve the financial reporting standards (IFRS, 2013a). The framework is a key parameter that defines the underlying concepts of transparent and relevant preparation of financial statements (AASB, 2010). It must be understood that the Conceptual framework in no way represents the IFRS and therefore the framework does not state accounting requirements for any particular disclosure issue or measurement (IFRS, 2013b). Nothing that is outlined in the conceptual framework supersedes any specific IFRS. However, in certain cases issues covered under the IFRS have conflicted with the conceptual framework. As such, in those cases the IFRS supersedes the conceptual framework as it is a globally accepted standard (BDO international, 2010). The conceptual framework plays a crucial role in the presentation and preparation of high quality financial reports in order to satisfy the needs of their users (Working Group on Fundamental Concepts, 2004). The primary objectives of the conceptual framework are to assist the IASB in order to help them to develop the future international accounting standards. ... Approach The statement, â€Å"There is no place for judgement in accounting it’s simply mathematics and a precise subject†, is highly debatable. In order to evaluate the statement, its needs to be interpreted from the perspective of principle vs. rule based accounting theory as well as the theory of conceptual framework. Thereafter, the statement has to be evaluated on the basis of the relevance of professional judgements in the field of accounting. What is professional judgement? According to Lakovic and Fuglister (2013), professional judgement refers to a process that is used by accounting officials in order to apply them to accounting standards while preparing financial reports. Accounting procedures involves rigorous application of judgements as they help accountants to analyse and select the right methods and models in financial reporting (Xiling, 2010). Principle vs. Rule based accounting A major controversy still prevails in the field of accounting as to which ac counting standard allows the optimal use of judgement and results in optimal fair representation and comparability. FASB has always been more inclined towards the adoption of rules based accounting whereas IASB has tended more toward a principles-based approach. Currently, FASB and IASB are in the process of amalgamating their accounting standards into a common one. In such context the debate regarding the accounting approach becomes even stronger than ever before and henceforth the relevance of judgement. However, the fact that rule based accounting have eroded judgements in some cases and failed in representing the economic substance faithfully, US professional leaders have admitted to the

Hurricane Katrina in Louisiana Essay Example for Free

Hurricane Katrina in Louisiana Essay Late Monday morning on August 29, 2005 a little more than 4 hours after Katrina slammed into New Orleans, and just hours after arriving in Baton Rouge, FEMA director and Bush the Younger’s childhood friend Michael Brown conducted a video conference briefing with the President who sat and listened quietly in Crawford Texas. Brown emphatically relayed to Bush, â€Å"This is, to put it mildly, the big one, I think. † Then Brown voiced his fear that â€Å"the government might not have the capacity to respond to a catastrophe within a catastrophe† The Superdome, he said was not equipped to be â€Å"a refuge of last resort. † The President asked no questions (A. P. 2006). Although Brown did a fairly decent job of trying to convey the potentially devastating nature of what was occurring, the real problem was that Brown had not been on the ground in Louisiana long enough to accurately understand the true impact of the storm (Brinkley 2006). By the time that he would come to realize that his lack of experience was simply no match for the enormity of this disaster, it may have been too late. The storm would ultimately leave 1,322 people dead, and 2,300 people missing in its wake (A. P. 2006). Two years later, in the autumn of 2007, FEMA and Michael Brown would be called upon again. First water and now fire had come to claim the day. What a difference a disaster would make. In the early afternoon of Tuesday October 23, 2007, at the Southwest D. C. offices of the Federal Emergency Management Administration, FEMA Deputy Administrator Admiral Harvey E. Johnson stepped up to a podium. He was there to give the national media a 1PM press briefing on the California wild fires that were currently raging throughout a large swath of land and threatening homes from Santa Barbra County to the US-Mexican border. The fires had been raging for three days. In time, they would force the largest civilian evacuation in the United States’ history, as one million residents of seven California counties were force to leave their homes. While the camera feeds fed the press conference to Fox News and MSNBC along with a few other news agencies, Johnson began fielding questions of a common variety. Someone wanted to know about the traffic of commodities coming into California. Another person asked how FEMA would deal with people who refused to evacuate. Then another person asked the Deputy Administrator â€Å"Are you happy with FEMA’s response so far? † And yet another one asked â€Å"Are there any lessons to be learned from Katrina? † â€Å"I am very happy with FEMA’s response so far, Johnson said [it’s a] very smoothly, very efficiently performing team †¦ And so I think what you’re really seeing here is the benefit of experience, the benefit of good leadership and the benefit of good partnership, none of which were present in Katrina. † (Kamen 2007) Johnson spoke like a true professional, answering all of their questions with a unique sense of cordiality. However, this was precisely because none of these people asking the questions were actually reporters at all. This was a staged event! It was not real! Due to fact that the Deputy Administrator’s office had botched the scheduling of this event, and ‘real’ pool reporters were only afforded a 15 minutes notice, none of them were able to show up. The FEMA staff decided to ‘fake a move’ (Ibid). Thus, while the cameras that were hooked up to their dedicated feeds were rolling in earnest, this was all a lie. Two day later, the gig was up! This ill-conceived stunt gained a staring role in the next few news cycles, which only served to bring back the haunting memories of the striking ineptness displayed by FEMA during the wrath of Hurricane Katrina. This immediately prompted Homeland Security Chief Michael Chertoff to comment, â€Å"I think it was one of the dumbest and most inappropriate things I’ve seen since I’ve been in government† (MSNBC 2007). White House Press Secretary Dana Perino was a bit more subdued in her criticism, â€Å"It is not a practice that we would employ here at the White House or that we we certainly don’t condone it† (Ibid). However, this was about as far as the analogies and the memories would be allowed to go. Twenty-four hours before Katrina made landfall, a FEMA executive in Denton Texas turned down a ‘Red High Priority’ plea for 300 Rubber Boats from the Louisiana Department of Wild Life and Fishing. The official simply scrawled â€Å"REQUEST DENIED† across the top of the document (Brinkley 2006). FEMA also turned down a U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service offer to save the lives of people who may have been stranded in Orleans, St. Bernard, and St. Tammany parishes. Furthermore, from his community in West Palm Beach Florida, Representative Mark Foley offered airplanes that were ‘on the ready’ to evacuate victims. So too, he was turned down as well. So it went with a host of reports stating that FEMA seemed strangely ambivalent to any kind of aid for Katrina victims (Ibid). Five months later, the Senate Homeland Security Committee which oversees the Department of Homeland Security of which FEMA is a part, released over 800,000 pages of memos, emails, strategy plans, and intradepartmental correspondence. These now public documents tell the shocking story of a government agency rife with ineptness. That Sunday before the storm, the U. S Department of the Interior offered substantial material aid of the sort that would naturally be needed in any disaster of this kind. They were also turned down. Senate Homeland Security Chairwoman Senator Susan Collins (R-Main) bristled at these findings, â€Å"That is incredible to me† she said (Ibid). No one seemed to understand why FEMA would turn down aid with a catastrophe of this magnitude, especially when it was being offered from a number of its own peer agencies. Even more riveting was the slew of reports that the U. S. government was refusing the massive amounts of aid offered from capitals around the world. From millions of dollars from citizens and governments in Europe, to barrels of oil from Venezuela; and 1600 disaster trained physicians from Cuba; the snubbing of this aid was mind-boggling (Ibid). What’s more, rumors continue to abound even until this day, after more than three years, of shocking scenes of official neglect that existed in New Orleans during those horror-filled hours in the immediate aftermath of Katrina. Stories of widespread police brutality and even White vigilantes ‘hunting down Blackfolk’, have become just one part of an International Tribunal on Hurricanes Katrina and Rita which has aimed the majority of its widespread enmity towards FEMA (Langley 2007). The tornadoes of despair have not ceased for the victims of Katrina, and the heartache still abounds as well. Twenty-six months later, after wildfires went wild in California, FEMA Administrator David Paulison stepped forward immediately to tell the American People, â€Å"The safety of the firefighters, individuals and families in the impacted areas is of utmost concern. † (FEMA 2007). Contrary to the widespread sense of government disregard that many felt in response to Katrina, the victims of the California Wildfires were immediately afforded a sense of assurance that FEMA was working with the highest sense of urgency on their behalf. Victims of this disaster were instantly promised that this would not be a â€Å"repeat of Katrina† (Philbin 2007). So it was, that with amazing efficiency, within hours FEMA had approved grants that allowed the state of California to recoup as much as 75% of the cost of fighting the wildfires. They had a joint field office open within 48 hours. FEMA’s regional office in California also stayed open 24/7, and coordinated its efforts with state, local, and federal agencies, including the Department of the Interior, D. O. T, the Army Corps of Engineers, Health and Human Services, and the U. S. Forest Service (EKU October 24, 2007). FEMA put its resources on full blast for the residents of Southern California, opening shelters, handing out blankets, food and water. From Katrina in August of 2005 to the California Wildfires of 2007 it was as if we were watching a Tale of Two Cities. One can only hope that FEMA keeps itself together and that tragedies coupled with that kind of governmental ineptitude never happen again. References Associated Press (March 1, 2006) (Video File) Washingtonpost. com Katrina: the warnings bush received. Retrieved from http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp- dyn/content//video/2006/03/01/V12006030101864 html Brinkley, Douglas The great deluge: Hurricane katrina, new orleans, and the mississippi gulf coast. Harper Collins 2006 334-335, 250 CNN (Tuesday October 23, 2007) Lessons from Katrina being applied to fire response. Updated 8:29 PM Retrieved from htt://www. cnn. com/2007/POLITICS/10/fire. fema/index. html EKU Fire Chief (website) (Oct 24, 2007) FEMA responds to california wildfires. Retrieved from http://firechief. com/leadership/incident- command/Fema_wildfire_10242007/ FEMA (October 24, 2007) Contingency Planning and Management Federal emergency management agency coordinating national response to California wildfires. Retrieved from http://www. contingencyplanning. com/articles/52388/ Kamen, A (October 26, 2007) Washington Post FEMA meets the press: Which happens to be†¦ fema. p. A19 Langley, D (July 22, 2007) Worker’s World Katrina-Rita tribunal to focus on u. s. crimes Retrieved from http://www. workers. org/2007/us/katrina-rita-0726/ MSNBC (Saturday October 27, 2007) Chertoff blast FEMA’s faux press conference. Calls agency’s use of fake reporters ‘one of the dumbest’ things he’s seen. Updated 7:21 PM. [Retrieved At:] http://www. msnbc. com/id21490838/ Philbin, P (October 24, 2007) (transcript) California wildfires: fema responds. Agency vows aggressive effort on wildfires. Washington Post. com. External Affairs Director, Federal Emergency Management Agency. [Retrieved At:] http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp- dyn/content/discussion/2007/10/24/DI2007102400890. html

Shakespeare’s Language Essay -- Essays Papers

Shakespeare’s Language The impeccable style and craft of Shakespeare’s writing has always been looked upon with great respect, and it continues to serve as an inspiration to writers and thinkers today even as it did when it was being first performed in London. Shakespeare’s modern audience, however, is far less diverse than the one for which he originally wrote. Due to the antiquity of his language, Shakespeare’s modern readership consists mostly of students and intellectuals, whereas in Shakespeare’s own time, his plays were performed in playhouses packed with everyone from royalty to peasants. Because of this, Shakespeare was forced to write on many different levels, the most sophisticated of which appealed to his more elite audience members, while the more straightforward and often more crude of which appealed to his less educated viewers, and the most universal of which still appeals to us. In act 3, scene 4 of King Lear, Shakespeare demonstrates the multi-layered quality of his writing in the conversations that takes place between King Lear, The Fool, Edgar and Kent. Shakespeare uses the language of Edgar, which is witty, crude, and a little bit shocking, in order to appeal to his lower class audience. However, at the same time, Shakespeare uses the entire scene to draw an extended metaphor between the inner turmoil of King Lear’s life, and the outer turmoil of the storm, a more subtle literary element that would have appealed to a person with a better education. In line 69-74, Shakespeare seamlessly integrates the two levels of entertainment: â€Å"Edgar: Pillicock sat on Pillicock hill. Halloo, halloo, loo, loo! Fool: This night will turn us all to fools and madmen. Edgar: Take heed o’ the foul fiend; obey thy p... ...ct between Regan and Goneril on the one side and Cordelia on the other is a situation of trust and betrayal that appeals to the most basic of human feelings. These portrayals of fundamental human conflicts; trust and betrayal, good and evil, logical and insane, as they are shown in King Lear appeal as much to human minds of all levels of education today as the did in Elizabethan England. Shakespeare’s original audiences appreciated his work on all of its different levels, something that is almost impossible today for all but the most dedicated Shakespearean scholars. However, there is something that resonates equally with today’s audiences as with the audiences of Elizabethan times, and that is the effortlessly accurate portrayal of humanity that Shakespeare achieves through some of the most beautifully crafted literature in the history of the English language.

Playing Monopoly Essay

1. Identify the behaviors that you think are ethically questionable in the history of Microsoft. Evaluate the ethics of these behaviors. Pretend to embrace a technology and become the major source for that technology like buy out the competitors. Declare it obsolete because your original way is better. Wait long enough for a technique or idea to be forgotten by the majority of people or just long enough that the majority of your followers are naive newbies. Bring out the old idea and present it as a new invention. For example, many things in Visual Studio .Net are presented as new ideas even though they have existed in RAD tools like Delphi for over a decade. Why this works? because the majority of new software geeks have no idea what Delphi is and didn’t know that you could do everything exactly the way Microsoft claims you can in their â€Å"new† invention. It is very much clear about incidences that Microsoft has been unethical in its approaches. Rather that applying their own thoughts, most of the products they have released by copying ideas unethically from other competitor’s products. Rather than having the fair competition in the market Gates always tried to monopolize the market. Though all the monopoly has brought him profit but ethically Microsoft didn’t. 2. What characteristics of the market for operating systems do you think created the monopoly market that MIcrosoft’s operating system enjoyed? Evaluate the market in terms of utilitarianism, rights and justice (your analysis should make use of the textbook’s discussion of the effects of monopoly markets on the utility of participants in the market, on the moral rights of participants in the market, and on the distribution of the benefits and burdens among participants in the market), giving explicit examples from the operating sytems industry to illustrate your points. Some of the characteristics of the market that created monopoly market that Microsoft’s operating system enjoyed are as follows: Incorporation of various Microsoft applications like Windows Digital Media Player and  Internet Explorer in 1995 with its operating system gave an advantage to the company as this monopoly worked out for them. Users using Windows didn’t want themselves to get into trouble of purchasing a different browser and different Media Payer. Users were also not ready to pay extra money for buying other companies’ applications, as all those applications were readily available with Microsoft’s operating system. Every company was releasing their applications and operating systems in the market and every time Microsoft was able to know their programs. Using those programs Microsoft created monopoly in the market by releasing advanced version of competitors’ products. As when Navigator came in 1994, Microsoft launched Internet Explorer which was borrowed from Spyglass Inc. and made it similar to Navigator. It incorporated Internet Explorer with Windows. Media player was also incorporated in Windows. Sun Microsystems’s Java was also licensed to Microsoft first and then Microsoft built its own Microsoft java permitting Windows Users to be compatible with it.In the software industry users did not want to shift to new products or applications until proper training and workshops are organized. Microsoft’s used good strategies for training users. With the Installation disk, a proper tour of Windows is provided to facilitate user. 3. In your view, should the goverment have sued Microsoft for vilolation of the antitrust law? In your view, was judge Jackson’s order that Microsoft be broken into two comanies fair to Microsoft? Was judge Killar-Kotelly’s november 1, 2003 decision fair? Was the April 2004 decision of the Eruopean Comission fair to Microsoft? Explain your answers. USA Attorney General Janet Reno filed an antitrust suit against Microsoft in the court of Judge Thomas Jackson. Microsoft made the computer companies using Windows as their operating system not to license, distribute or promote competitive software products of other companies. It embedded Internet Explorer with Windows and thus demolished consumer freedom to go for any other Browser plus it also degraded windows performance. In the agreements with computer companies those using Windows, Microsoft wanted them to leave Internet Explorer as the default Web–Browser and didn’t allow installation of any other browser. The judge was having complete authority  to take hard actions against Microsoft’s unethical business strategies. As per the case study it is evident that Microsoft has used various unethical business strategies to make their business profitable. Microsoft copied the copyright of Apple’s OS/2 and developed its own operating system on the same line . Moreover they forced users to use its Internet Explorer and digital media player. They suppressed the platform independent functionality of Sun’s Java by releasing Microsoft’s Java and making it cross platform language. In my view, government should not have sued Microsoft. Consumers were well satisfied by Windows which was evident from the market share of its use. So signing of agreement involves approval of computer companies and Microsoft and if computer companies have signed that agreement that means they weren’t having any problems and neither consumers upon implementing the agreement. So Microsoft just used a marketing strategy over here. Judge Jackson’s order was fair for the competitors as well as for the software industry because Microsoft has really invoked the monopoly situation in the market. It was essential to have fair competition in the market. As an operating system and applications are totally two different aspects and Microsoft should no t club these two aspects. This order would have helped competitors and users to choose their favorite applications. From Microsoft’s point of view it was not the fair decision, as they never wish to separate their business into two domains. It was a marketing strategy adopted by Microsoft so that it can withstand with the competition. According to them it also facilitated consumers for not spending their money in buying other corresponding software and also playing a risk of installing and uninstalling. According to the settlement between Microsoft and DOJ, Microsoft was asked to share its application programming interface with other software rivals and to allow users to hide Internet Explorer icon from the screen. It was asked not to prevent other competitors programs to install on its operating system and not to retaliate against computer makers in releasing their products. This settlement was officially approved by Judge Kollar-Kotelly on November 1, 2003. The decision was really fair for the competitors as well as users. The decision has created free competitive market in the software industry. It allows users to use other available applications and allow them to hide icons which they do not want to use. From competitors point of view market became much more open to release more  products with advanced techn ologies. This move also helped people to think out of Microsoft’s box and helped to showcase their technical skills. As a result various new operating systems with better performance than Windows like Linux, Suse, Knoppix, and Solaris came in market. 4. Who, if anyone is harmed by the kind of market that Microsoft’s operating system has enjoyed? Explain your answer. What kind of public policies, if any, should we have to deal with industries like the operating system industry. Monopoly of Microsoft’s operating system has harmed everyone from users to computer producers. Due to unavailability of fair market the users were bound to use Microsoft’s operating system and applications. They were unable to hide icons of the Microsoft’s applications from their operating system. From producer’s point of view, they were not free to launch Windows compatible applications due to unavailability of Windows application programming interface in the market. The competition became minimal in the market due to monopoly enjoyed by Microsoft. Due to monopoly in the market one single company Microsoft was holding maximum market share. It hampered the technical advancement and innovation in the market as well. Some of the following public policies could be used to deal with monopoly Government should issue some standards for a given technol ogy/system/product which should be followed by everyone in the industry. Anti-monopoly law can be created to prevent monopoly to occur in the market. Some policies can be incorporated in the system to motivate and encourage newly launched companies to increase the innovation in the market. Some policies should be made to share information among the companies whose applications are inter dependant.

The Similarity of the Husband in “Cat in The Rain” and “Hills Like White Elephants”

Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"Cat in the Rain† and â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† describe a theme of difference between husband’s desires and wife’s desires. Both stories have the same conflict about an inconsiderate husband who always ignores his wife’s desire. The husband is not a family man.He indirectly shows that he doesn’t enjoy being with his wife and children. The male characters of Ernest Hemingway emerge as having similarities in their characters and their attitudes with their wives. For the first similarity, both husbands are identical to their inconsiderate characters. The husbands lack of attention to their wife.The American husband, George, in â€Å"Cat in the Rain† is an unresponsive person. He always takes more interest in his books than his wife. In the end of the story, the man doesn’t listen to his wife and keeps reading his book.His wife expresses many desires, for example, she wants a cat which has a s ymbol of a child and wants to eat at the table with silver spoon and candle that means she want to be a house wife. George doesn’t pay attention what his wife wants. For example, when the woman wants to grow out her hair, which symbolizes femininity, he responds, â€Å"I think you look pretty darn nice.†He directly speaks to her in an irritated way. â€Å"Shut up and get something to read†, George says when she wants the cat in the rain. Similar to George, the American husband, in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†, is insensitive to his wife and his baby. He says that â€Å"it’s just to let the air in. † His speech hints that he doesn’t want to have a baby.The American husband wants his wife to abort because he thinks that the unborn baby is a big obstacle for the couple’s happiness. The American husband gives his wife a cold look and doesn’t care about whatever his wife wants or talks.Furthermore, both the male characte rs lack fatherhood. While George ignores to have a baby, the American husband hints at his wife to have an abortion. The second resemblance of two male characters is that they have the same attitudes of married life towards their wives.The two husbands don’t want to settle down and don’t want to start to have a quitter way of life. In â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†, the American husband indirectly doesn’t want to live in one place while his wife wishes to have a warm family and a child.Because of different married attitudes, their marriage’s life leads  to future separation. In â€Å"Hills Like White Elephant†, the American husband â€Å"waits reasonably† for the train, which suggests us that the couple maybe brake up and go separate way.George and the American husband can’t get along with their wife. Although they don’t make a terrible quarrel, they are dissatisfied and will break up with each other someday. Moreov er, their relationship is about lack of freedom of the woman’s desires. In â€Å"Cat in the Rain†, George hardly listen to his wife and doesn’t care for her materialistic wants.Because he doesn’t want her to get what she wants, he probably thinks that he is the leader of their relationship and has more power than his wife. To resemble in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephant†, we obviously notice that the American husband tries to control his wife by hinting her to abort.The American husband may thinks that he can control anything. He also acts as if he is more knowledgeable and worldly than his wife. The similarities of the male characters in Ernest Hemingway’s fictions, the writer wants to show us about disagreement of the couple’s desires. Two male characters, George and the American husband, are unfeeling to their wife.They virtually don’t concern whatever their wives’ urge and want. Although two females indirectly express their desires that they want to have a baby, two husbands always pay no attention to their wife’s need.The men also has no the state of being a father, especially the American husband who circuitously tells his wife to have an abortion. Furthermore, two husbands have a rough relationship with their wife. The couple’s relationship shows us that they are about to separate because they are contrary to each other’s need. The husbands also try to decrease freedom of their wife by controlling their wife what they want her to do and to be.

7 Steps for Writing a Paper on an Environmental Issue

7 Steps for Writing a Paper on an Environmental Issue Are you a student tasked with writing a research paper on an environmental issue? These few tips, along with some hard and focused work, should get you most of the way there. 1. Find a topic Look for a topic that speaks to you, that grabs your attention. Alternatively, choose a topic about which you are genuinely interested in learning more. It will be a lot easier to spend time working on something of interest to you. Here are some places you can find ideas for a paper: Of course, here on About.com’s Environmental Issues site. Browse the front page to see if a topic grabs your attention, or go to more specific content hubs like these ones:Global warmingBiodiversityDeforestationFossil fuelsWater PollutionThe science or environment sections of major newspapers and news organizations will feature articles about current environmental news and events.Environmental news websites like Grist or Environmental News Network. 2. Conduct research Are you using internet resources? Make sure you can assess the quality of the information you find. This article from Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab is useful to help with assessing the quality of your sources. Print resources are not to be neglected. Visit your school or city library, learn how to use their search engine, and talk to your librarian about accessing the resources available. Are you expected to constrain your sources to primary literature? That body of knowledge consists of peer-reviewed articles published in scientific journals. Consult your librarian for help with accessing the proper databases to reach those articles. 3. Follow instructions Carefully read the handout or prompt given to you and which contains instructions about the assignment. Early in the process, make sure you choose a topic that will satisfy the assigned requirements. Once half-way through the paper, and once when it’s done, check it against the instructions to make sure you didn’t drift away from what was required. 4. Start with a solid structure First craft a paper outline with your main ideas organized, and a thesis statement. A logical outline will make it easy to gradually flesh out ideas and eventually produce complete paragraphs with good transitions between them. Make sure all the sections serve the purpose of the paper outlined in the thesis statement. 5. Edit After you have a good draft produced, put the paper down, and don’t pick it up until the next day. It’s due tomorrow? Next time, start working on it earlier. This break will help you with the editing stage: you need fresh eyes to read, and re-read your draft for flow, typos, and a myriad other little problems. 6. Pay attention to formatting Along the way, check that you are following your teacher’s formatting instructions: font size, line spacing, margins, length, page numbers, title page, etc. A poorly formatted paper will suggest to your teacher that not only the form, but the content is of low quality as well. 7. Avoid plagiarism First, make sure you know what plagiarism is, you can then more easily avoid it. Pay especially close attention to properly attributing the work you cite. For More Information Purdue University Online Writing Lab. Writing a Research Paper.

Comparison Between Mitosis and Meiosis Processes

Comparison Between Mitosis and Meiosis Processes Mitosis (along with the step of cytokinesis) is the process of how a eukaryotic somatic cell, or body cell, divides into two identical diploid cells. Meiosis is a different type of cell division that begins with one cell that has the proper number of chromosomes and ends with four cells- haploid cells- that have half the normal number of chromosomes. In a human, almost all cells undergo mitosis. The only human cells that are made by meiosis are gametes, or sex cells: the egg or ovum for females and the sperm for males. Gametes have only half the number of chromosomes as a normal body cell because when gametes fuse during fertilization, the resulting cell, called a zygote, then has the correct number of chromosomes. This is why offspring are a mixture of genetics from the mother and the father- the fathers gamete carries half the chromosomes and the mothers gamete carries the other half- and why there is so much genetic diversity, even within families. Although mitosis and meiosis have very different results, the processes are similar, with just a few changes within the stages of each. Both processes start out after a cell goes through interphase and copies its DNA exactly in the synthesis phase, or S phase. At this point, each chromosome is made up of sister chromatids held together by a centromere. The sister chromatids are identical to each other. During mitosis, the cell undergoes the mitotic phase, or M phase, only once, ending with two identical diploid cells. In meiosis, there are two rounds of the M phase, resulting in four haploid cells that arent identical. Stages of Mitosis and Meiosis There are four stages of mitosis and eight stages in meiosis. Since meiosis undergoes two rounds of splitting, it is divided into meiosis I and meiosis II. Each stage of mitosis and meiosis has many changes going on in the cell, but very similar, if not identical, important events mark that stage. Comparing mitosis and meiosis is fairly easy if these important events are taken into account: Prophase The first stage is called prophase in mitosis and prophase I or prophase II in meiosis I and meiosis II. During prophase, the nucleus is getting ready to divide. This means the nuclear envelope has to disappear and the chromosomes start to condense. Also, the spindle starts to form within the centriole of the cell that will help with the division of chromosomes during a later stage. These things all happen in mitotic prophase, prophase I and usually in prophase II. Sometimes there is no nuclear envelope at the beginning of prophase II and most of the time the chromosomes are already condensed from meiosis I. There are a couple of differences between mitotic prophase and prophase I. During prophase I, homologous chromosomes come together. Every chromosome has a matching chromosome that carries the same genes and is usually the same size and shape. Those pairs are called homologous pairs of chromosomes. One homologous chromosome came from the individuals father and the other came from the individuals mother. During prophase I, these homologous chromosomes pair up and sometimes intertwine. A process called crossing over can happen during prophase I. This is when homologous chromosomes overlap and exchange genetic material. Actual pieces of one of the sister chromatids break off and reattach to the other homolog. The purpose of crossing over is to further increase genetic diversity, since alleles for those genes are now on different chromosomes and can be placed into different gametes at the end of meiosis II. Metaphase In metaphase, the chromosomes line up at the equator, or middle, of the cell, and the newly formed spindle attaches to those chromosomes to prepare for pulling them apart. In mitotic metaphase and metaphase II, the spindles attach to each side of the centromeres holding the sister chromatids together. However, in metaphase I, the spindle attaches to the different homologous chromosomes at the centromere. Therefore, in mitotic metaphase and metaphase II, the spindles from each side of the cell are connected to the same chromosome. In metaphase, I, only one spindle from one side of the cell is connected to a whole chromosome. The spindles from opposite sides of the cell are attached to different homologous chromosomes. This attachment and setup is essential for the next stage. There is a checkpoint at that time to make sure it was done correctly. Anaphase Anaphase is the stage in which the physical splitting occurs. In mitotic anaphase and anaphase II, the sister chromatids are pulled apart and moved to opposite sides of the cell by the retraction and shortening of the spindle. Since the spindles attached at the centromere on both sides of the same chromosome during metaphase, it essentially rips apart the chromosome into two individual chromatids. Mitotic anaphase pulls apart the identical sister chromatids, so identical genetics will be in each cell. In anaphase I, the sister chromatids are most likely not identical copies since they probably underwent crossing over during prophase I. In anaphase I, the sister chromatids stay together, but the homologous pairs of chromosomes are pulled apart and taken to opposite sides of the cell. Telophase The final stage is called telophase. In mitotic telophase and telophase II, most of what was done during prophase will be undone. The spindle begins to break down and disappear, a nuclear envelope begins to reappear, chromosomes start to unravel, and the cell prepares to split during cytokinesis. At this point, mitotic telophase will go into cytokinesis that will create two identical diploid cells. Telophase II has already gone one division at the end of meiosis I, so it will go into cytokinesis to make a total of four haploid cells. Telophase I may or may not see these same sorts of things happening, depending on the cell type. The spindle will break down, but the nuclear envelope may not reappear and the chromosomes may stay tightly wound. Also, some cells will go straight into prophase II instead of splitting into two cells during a round of cytokinesis. Mitosis and Meiosis in Evolution Most of the time, mutations in the DNA of somatic cells that undergo mitosis will not be passed down to the offspring and therefore are not applicable to natural selection and do not contribute to the evolution of the species. However, mistakes in meiosis and the random mixing of genes and chromosomes throughout the process contribute to genetic diversity and drive evolution. Crossing over creates a new combination of genes that may code for a favorable adaptation. The independent assortment of chromosomes during metaphase I also leads to genetic diversity. It is random how homologous chromosome pairs line up during that stage, so the mixing and matching of traits have many choices and contribute to the diversity. Finally, random fertilization also can increase genetic diversity. Since there are ideally four genetically different gametes at the end of meiosis II, which one is actually used during fertilization is random. As the available traits are mixed up and passed down, natural selection works on those and chooses the most favorable adaptations as the preferred phenotypes of individuals.

M.Sc.in supply chain management (DT351) Purchasing Assignment

M.Sc.in supply chain management (DT351) Purchasing - Assignment Example Although, it was considered before that the supplier is happy to form relationship with the company and same was the case considered for the buyers i.e. buyers are looking to form relationships with the company and this is the reason why they are buying the product from the company. However research shows that this is not the situation in most of the cases. The needs and satisfaction of suppliers and customers do not match in different cases and either one of these parties loses their money in forming relationship. Therefore in order to discuss the relationship between the buyers and suppliers, a four quadrants purchasing portfolio from the perspective of buyers has been presented below: (Santema and Verheul, 2012) The above four quadrants represent four different situations of buyers. However the focus of this section of the report has been on the second quadrant which is ‘Routine’. Therefore, the routine quadrant has been discussed in detail in this part of the report. The other sections of the report discusses about the other three quadrants and the relation of buyers with the suppliers in the other three quadrants. Moreover, the report applies the above matrix on New Bridge Cutlery Company in the last part of this report. QUADRANT #2: ROUTINE The second quadrant is ‘Routine’ which includes products that are purchased on a regular or routine basis by the consumer. This quadrant means Process reduction which means that the cost of demand are not equal to the value given by the consumer, thus the value will be low as well as the complexity. Santema (2011) has said that in routine cases, the products and services are available in the market; therefore there are no high rewards in forming relationships with the suppliers for the buyers. Moreover, Santema (2011) added that in such cases, the buyers are looking for transactional exchange. Gelderman and Weele (2002) have stated that buyers in routine cases are looking for more efficient pr ocesses. It has been said that buyers do not put much effort in order to create the relationship in this quadrants. On the other hand, the suppliers have to go an extra mile in order to make sure that the customers are satisfied and they are able to receive the products or service they want to. Therefore there has been a drastic mismatch between the two stakeholders. Buyers are not likely to pay attention in routine products. As there are many suppliers available, thus this mismatches the demand and supply of these routine products and this reduces the risk and therefore consumers do not give high attention. In such a scenario, the buyers are the dominators (Gelderman and Weele, 2002). Identifying a preferred supplier and then working solely with that supplier could change the position. This could result in reducing the valuable purchasing management time. Portier et al (2011) have claimed that generally buyers do not form such relationships or do not prefer any supplier for routine products or services and buyers do not form supplier relationship. This relationship has been termed as the Key Supplier Management. The main reasons for such relationship not being formed are the barriers that restrict them. These barriers include inability to integrate the purchasing or procurement activities with the other activities, complexities involved in building relationships of supplier portfolio and implementing them, and limited knowledge about value co-creation between

Account for any changes and continuities in the depiction of women in Essay

Account for any changes and continuities in the depiction of women in the political fictions of the US and UK - Essay Example old, at the heart of the family, from which position they gave out a form moral safeguard over public man in his cutthroat domain, liberating him from the polluting effects of the unprincipled marketplace (Fisher & Silber, 2003). Hence, for Ruskin, â€Å"the true nature of home is the place of Peace; the shelter, not only from all injury, but from all terror, doubt and division... so far as the anxieties of the outer life penetrate into it, and the inconsistently minded, unknown, unloved or hostile society of the outer world is allowed either husband or wife to cross the threshold it ceases to be home† (ibid, 54). Basch argues that the moral influence of women in this thought was constructed both quantitatively and qualitatively in straightforward relation to their submissiveness and subordination to masculine influence and authority; and this allusion appears to be established both by the assertion of Ruskin that women must be aware and intelligent not for personal growth but for self-liberation, and Coventry Patmore’s angel, whose strength of character is firmly weak because of mere passiveness to his authority (Michie, 1992). Man’s domain is action whereas emotion for the woman, therefore, as the prologue of the poem proclaims, â€Å"inspiration hers: In his heart, his thoughts were rife/ How for her sake to earn a name† (ibid, 102). Basically, the masculine public domain of action was also the special sphere of politics, which thus were expressed as an entirely male concern: â€Å"man’s duty, as a member of a commonwealth, is to assist in the maintenance, in t he advance, in the defence of the state. The woman’s duty, as a member of the commonwealth, is to assist in the ordering, in the comforting, and in the beautiful adornment of the state† (Fisher & Silber, 2003, 56). Not astonishingly, perhaps, provided with the traditional domain of divided dimensions ideology, particularly in the aspect of political fictions, nineteenth century feminist movement

Strategic structure of regulatory legislative frameworks for Dissertation

Strategic structure of regulatory legislative frameworks for sustainable development of Iraqi and Kurdistan Region oil and gas r - Dissertation Example When this government was dissembled, new laws and regulatory processes had to be installed and the Constitution (2005) was the first put in place. All other laws and regulations would stem from this piece of legislative work as time went on.1 Currently, this thesis argues that Iraq’s legal system must be seen as a product of Iraq’s distinctive history and local circumstances. It analyses the current nature of Iraq’s regulatory infrastructure and notes that Iraq’s law builders have relied heavily upon the United States model which may not suit Iraq in its current state of rebuilding the country. Therefore, this thesis argues that Iraq’s approach to law reform and development in this area has not always produced a body of law that is appropriate to Iraq’s particular circumstances. Examples within the regulatory system are analysed in this chapter with proposals for better solutions made at the end of the chapter. As there are a number of ways t o conduct doctrinal research and analysis methods, this thesis follows the method of Australian higher degree research (HDR), utilizing the two part method of first locating the sources of the law and then interpreting and analysing the text accordingly, with a final presentation of solutions given at the end. As an overview of regulatory infrastructures, it is important to understand why they are in place first: to establish institutions that would provide incentives for sustainable development in long-term economic and legal commitments from all sides; and accordingly, to encourage and protect investment opportunities from both internal and external existing and potential customers.2 Regulation refers to government-instituted controls on business activity as defined by the Handbook for Evaluating Infrastructure Regulatory Systems.3 As such, regulatory infrastructures are perceived to benefit and protect both the clients and those providing the benefits of partnerships. Yet, in mos t cases, many believe that national regulatory systems have failed in Iraq to provide both commitments and protections as they were supposed to do.4 Since Iraq created its first Constitution in 2005, and while somewhat flawed in certain articles, it provides the first real sense of active regulatory infrastructure, geared to environmental and sustainable development for all its peoples. Chapter 4 Analysis This chapter reviews and analyses the regulatory infrastructure currently in place such as the Federal Iraqi Constitution and how any current regulatory systems also align with international regulations which concern oil and gas and sustainable development. The process for analysis shows that it is not enough to describe the laws, processes and institutions but that there is a two-part system of analysis through questions involved: 1) to find out if the formal governance elements have actually been implemented (who’s in charge and how) and 2) then to determine the real actio ns and decisions of the regulators because they affect the performance of all regulated enterprises through all the parts affected.5 This also aligns with working with international groups such as the Kyoto Protocol and the United Nations in its various commissions. As a final observation, the Federal Constitution

What Is Spiritual Formation Religion Essay

What Is Spiritual Formation Religion Essay When asking the question, what is spiritual formation, there can be great difficulty in recognizing the specific area of focus. This would be due to the great amount of variety within the sphere of such a topic regarding the presuppositions many people can bring to it. However there is a consistent undercurrent that ties the definitions together into a relative coherent understanding. According to Dallas Willard, spiritual formation is the process where one moves and is moved from self-worship to Christ-centered self-denial as a general condition of life in Gods present and eternal kingdom.  [1]  In this, there is a more detailed analysis in describing its meaning. Spiritual formation begins with God and the relationship with him and fellow brethren. It is by virtue of the Holy Spirits work in regeneration and conforming the believer into the image of Christ through his indwelling, guiding, gifting, filling, and empowering those saved for Gods glory. The foundation of such a form ation is found through the Scripture as the only and primary source of all truth. The responsibility of the Christian is a relentless pursuit in being Christ-like in all facets of life through a new nature. Such formation is the fruit of what one has already become, an adopted child of God, and not works alone to achieve an imaginary level of spiritual attainment. The methodology of such an endeavor is not prescribed as a checklist for every believer, but rather differentiates for each person as God sees fit for them. Biblical Instruction As stated in the introduction there is a number of reference points pertaining to Biblical instruction regarding spiritual formation. Although such terminology is not specifically found in every instance, the idea in what it represents is plentiful. The primary area many refer to is the fruits of the Spirit in Galatians 5:22-23. With this area of Scripture, the results are listed from leading a life under the guidance of the Holy Spirit. It would be considered a measure of progress in some ways to see how one is coming through the sanctification process. It should be noted, however, that there would be an ebb and flow to such a device in that some seasons may be more fruitful in patience and love as opposed joy and peace introspectively. In order to attain such fruits however, one must be diligent to know the One in whom he is following. A thorough study of His attributes that which makes up His character, is imperative in attaining any growth whatsoever. Through such knowledge is a child of God to begin the process in a more fruitful way than foregoing it. Without this concrete foundation, much of the growth will be experience alone, which is not biblical. Knowing who Christ is through his attributes is the only way one can attain the spiritual growth as guided by the Holy Spirit. From this one should then go to the Sermon on the Mount in helping to determine what a Christian should look like. The descriptive values in what and how the Christian should be would more readily translate into the fruits seen previously. Christ teaches what the believer must be like as a standard of behavior and life within the heart in accordance with the holiness of God. Being separate from the world and unto Him is a fundamental truth that without, one cannot attain the fruit of the Spirit. The division of what should be done and what should be avoided, in essence, what delineates the world from those chosen of God instills the rock of truth to rely upon Personal Experience In reflecting upon ones own experience in relation to spiritual formation, a great number of those who call themselves Christian can only describe such a term as prayer time and possibly praise and worship in certain circles. For the most part it is classified as an emotional experience one has with the work of the Spirit. The form that it arrives is through clearing the mind or through music in service. These functions among others are more related to tradition than Scripture. In personal experience, it becomes a more concrete arena. What Scripture says to do, do. What Scripture says not to do, do not do. In this there is a certain requirement to know the difference and that itself can only be accomplished through much work and study in Scriptures. Most who identify as being Christians who want a greater awareness of God actually looks for and attains a easier yet non-Biblical methodology of self-interpretation apart from Scripture. There is no work in exegetical discernment and sim ple prayer in acquiring a greater knowledge of God which, then, leads to the greater awareness of Him. One cannot occur apart from the other, no matter how trivial the spiritual exercises may be. Coincidentally, it is in Westerhoffs work that sees both sides of the coin blended into one unifying theme. In his chapter discussing the development of spiritual discipline, there are areas that are beneficial to the Christian and areas that are not. Coincidentally, those that do help deal more with the external as opposed to the internal. Finding a time and place that is consistent in reading Scripture helps to develop a consistency which coincides with repetition in going back to the Bible daily. Journaling helps in recalling areas one believes the Spirit is taking him in relation to any given question or issue currently being dealt with. It also provides a timeline of posterity for future generations to read through. A spiritual friend which is a fancy way of saying Christian Brother is good for edification and encouragement through prayer and study time. Coupled with these areas are exercises that dwell on the internal of the person involved. Picturing, pondering, and praying of the Lectio Divina borders on the Eastern Mysticism and Catholic heritage of attempting to draw closer to God through works. In clearing the mind of no thought, breathing exercises, good posture, and repeating a mantra to better focus on Scripture only clears the way for self-reflection unto sanctification.  [2]   Conclusion The entire effort of Spiritual Formation as a whole combines the Biblical with the non-Biblical under the contemplative ministry. It is rooted in Catholic pietistic mysticism with its emphasis on discipleship. It is espoused of righteousness by works by attempting to reach God by its own strength. Many Christians, who do not study as they should, take for granted what is spoken to them by leaders in the church in whom they trust, and assume it is true. It has been attributed to CH Spurgeon of the saying, Discernment is not simply a matter of telling the difference between what is right and wrong; rather it is the difference between right and almost right. It is in this piece of wisdom the Christian should reflect upon when determining whether they should follow to the letter that which is summarily grouped under Spiritual Formation.

Coat of Arms :: Essays Papers

Coat of Arms Most people believe a coat of arms to be a shield of some sort that knights used in the middle ages to protect themselves in battle. In reality, a coat of arms consists of more than just a shield. There are actually five elements in a coat of arms: the shield, the crest, the helm, the wreath and the mantle or mantling. Each of these elements creates what is know as a coat of arms. While it is true that knights did indeed wear coats of arms during battle, the emblem was not only found on the armor used for protection in battle but also appeared on flags and clothing. GRAFICA There exists some debate as to the history and the creation of the coat of arms. The most wide spread theory is that coats of arms were needed as a means of identifying knights in battle. The idea was that since the knights were masked by helmets during tournaments or fights, the only way to identify their allegiance was by looking at his coat of arms. Therefore when two kingdoms fought each other, the purveyor could and would take the arms of the victim and hoist it as a trophy and as a sign of victory. Aside from winning coats of arms in battle there were several other means of acquiring a coat of arms. Another way is to inherit from the family. THis brings about the idea of heraldry and genealogy, two concepts closely tied to coats of arms. Royal families were not the only ones to commission coats of arms, hence many families possessed such emblems that could symbolize family wealth, stature and standing. A common novelty today is to genealogically trace the family name and discover the history of it. For various prices ranging from $49.95 and up, you can be the proud owner of an authentic coat of arms of your family. For a little more money, you too could be like the knights and carry the coat on a flag, or maybe wear it on a T-shirt or drink out of a coffee mug with it embossed.